• E Le Dault, S Lagarde, E Guedj, B Dufournet, C Rey, E Kaphan, G Tanguy, M Bregigeon, E Sagui, and C Brosset.
• Service de pathologie infectieuse et tropicale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Laveran, 34, boulevard Alphonse-Laveran, 13014 Marseille, France. Electronic address: erwan.le.dault@gmail.com.
• Rev Med Interne. 2016 Feb 1; 37 (2): 127-30.

IntroductionAnti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis is a common and a treatable etiology of autoimmune encephalitis. Its diagnosis is a challenge because the initial diagnostic work-up is often normal.Case ReportA 48-year-old man experienced cognitive and behavioral troubles, facio-brachial dystonic seizures and a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. First line tests excluded infectious, neoplastic, systemic inflammatory, endrocrine or toxic etiologies. Cerebral (18)Fluoro-desoxy-glucose (FDG) position emission tomography and research of specific antibodies in cerebro-spinal fluid and serum led to diagnose an anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis. Intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids were partially effective. Cyclophosphamid permitted a good recovery.ConclusionIn the presence of acute neuropsychiatric disorders with a negative etiologic research, physician should think about dysimmune encephalitis. Facio-brachial dystonic seizures and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion are highly evocative of anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis. The diagnosis needs specific diagnostic tests (cerebral (18)FDG position emission tomography and antibodies research in cerebro-spinal fluid and in serum), after the exclusion of alternative diagnoses. Extensive and repeated diagnostic work-up for neoplasia is required. Immunosupressive therapies are effective in most cases.Copyright © 2015 Société nationale française de médecine interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

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