• J Neuroimaging · Mar 2021

    Interpretation of Brain Volume Increase in Multiple Sclerosis.

    • Tomas Uher, Niels Bergsland, Jan Krasensky, Michael G Dwyer, Michaela Andelova, Lukas Sobisek, HavrdovaEva KubalaEKDepartment of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Dana Horakova, Robert Zivadinov, and Manuela Vaneckova.
    • Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
    • J Neuroimaging. 2021 Mar 1; 31 (2): 401-407.

    Background And PurposeA high variability of brain MRI volume change measurement renders challenging its interpretation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Occurrence and clinical relevance of observed apparent brain volume increase (BVI) in MS patients have not been investigated yet. The objective was to quantify the prevalence and factors associated with BVI.MethodsWe examined 366 MS patients (2,317 scans) and 44 controls (132 scans). Volumetric analysis of brain volume changes was performed by SIENA and ScanView. BVI was defined as brain volume change >0%. We compared characteristics of patients with and without BVI.ResultsBVI was found in 26.3% (from 1,951) longitudinal scans (SIENA). If BVI occurred, a probability that BVI will be repeated consecutively more than or equal to two times was 15.9%. The repeated BVI was associated with clinical disease activity in 50% of cases. BVI was associated with shorter time and lower T2 lesion volume increase between two MRI scans, and higher normalized brain volume (all P < .0001). A proportion of scans with BVI was higher when analyzed by ScanView (35.3%) and in controls (36.4% by SIENA).ConclusionsBVI occurs in a great proportion of MR scans over short-term follow-up and is not associated with disease stabilization. Although BVI can be caused by several factors, the results indicate that measurement error may contribute to BVI in the majority of cases. Clinicians should be aware of the frequent occurrence of apparent BVI, interpret brain volume changes in MS patients with great caution, and use methods with precise quantification of brain volume changes.© 2020 American Society of Neuroimaging.

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