• Mélanie Bérubé, Manon Choinière, Yves G Laflamme, and Céline Gélinas.
• Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, 3506 University Street, Montréal H3A 2A7, Canada; Departments of Nursing, Orthopedics and Trauma, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Canada; Research Centre, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Canada. Electronic address: melanie.berube2@mail.mcgill.ca.
• Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2017 Feb 1; 24: 59-67.

BackgroundThe first part of this series of 2 articles revealed that chronic pain is an important issue post extremity trauma (ET) involving permanent biological transformations. Interventions aimed at preventing chronic pain in ET patients are therefore required.ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive analysis of literature on risk and protective factors for chronic pain post-ET to guide the development of relevant preventive interventions.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Databases were searched to identify studies on chronic pain prognostic factors in ET patients.ResultsDemographic, injury-related and psychological factors were shown to either contribute to or limit acute to chronic pain transition. High-intensity acute pain hasconsistently been identified as an important chronic pain risk factor. Other significant documented risk factors include: female gender, older age, less than college education, lower limb injury, symptoms of anxiety and depression and pain catastrophizing. Pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance have been shown to protect individuals against chronic pain.ConclusionsThis narrative review highlights factors placing ET patients at higher risk of chronic pain or protecting them against this problem. Determining how these factors could be addressed in preventive interventions is the next step before undertaking their development.Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

27 keywords...

hide…