• Nicole Rämsch-Günther, Sylvia Stern, and Wolfgang Lauer.
• Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Deutschland. nicole.raemsch-guenther@bfarm.de.
• Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Mar 1; 61 (3): 304-313.

AbstractSmartphones and tablets with their nearly unlimited number of different applications have become an integral part of everyday life. Thus, mobile devices and applications have also found their way into the healthcare sector.For developers, manufacturers, or users as well, it is often difficult to decide whether a mobile health application is a medical device.In this context, it is extremely important for manufacturers to decide at an early stage of the development whether the product is to be introduced into the market as a medical device and is therefore subject to the legislation on medical devices.This article first presents the regulatory framework and subsequently introduces the reader to the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices' (BfArM) view of the criteria for differentiating between apps as non-medical products and apps as medical apps as well as the classification thereof. Various examples are presented to demonstrate how these criteria are applied practically and options that support developers and manufacturers in their decision making are shown. The article concludes with a reference to current developments and offers a perspective on the new European medical device regulations MDR/IVDR (Medical Device Regulation/In-Vitro Diagnostic Regulation) as well as on future challenges regarding medical apps.

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