• Cheng-Lin Zhang, Han Feng, Li Li, Jin-Yu Wang, Dan Wu, Yan-Ting Hao, Zheng Wang, Yan Zhang, and Li-Ling Wu.
• Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, China.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
• Bba Gen Subjects. 2017 Jan 1; 1861 (1 Pt A): 3085-3094.

BackgroundMitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine that owns multiple functions on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, whether CTRP3 affects mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes remains unknown.MethodsNeonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured and treated with globular CTRP3 (gCTRP3). The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes was measured by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Mitochondrial morphology was assessed by a transmission electron microscope. ATP content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and sirtuin1 activity were measured with commercial kits.ResultsgCTRP3 increased the expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), NRF-2, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), cytochrome B, and oxidative phosphorylation complexes III and V, and increased mitochondrial cristae components and OCR. Additionally, gCTRP3 enhanced mitochondrial DNA copy number and ATP content, while the induction was inhibited by knockdown of PGC-1α via small interfering RNA. gCTRP3 increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whereas adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside (AraA), an AMPK inhibitor, attenuated gCTRP3-mediated induction of NRF-1, TFAM, and complexes III and V. gCTRP3 increased both the expression and activity of sirtuin1, whereas inhibition of sirtuin1 by EX-527 attenuated gCTRP3-induced responses. Meanwhile, gCTRP3-mediated activation of sirtuin1 was attenuated by AraA. Moreover, gCTRP3 restored the reduction of sirtuin1, PGC-1α, NRF-1, complex III and ATP content induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.ConclusionCTRP3 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.General SignificanceCTRP3 is an endogenous modulator for mitochondrial biogenesis, and may protect cardiomyocytes by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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