• Patrick Schober and Lothar A Schwarte.
• Department of Anaesthesiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• J Clin Monit Comput. 2012 Aug 1;26(4):255-65.

AbstractMaintenance or restoration of adequate tissue oxygenation is a main goal of anesthesiologic and intensive care patient management. Pathophysiological disturbances which interfere with aerobic metabolism may occur at any stage in the oxygen cascade from atmospheric gas to the mitochondria, and there is no single monitoring modality that allows comprehensive determination of "the oxygenation". To facilitate early detection of tissue hypoxia (or hyperoxia) and to allow a goal directed therapy targeted at the underlying problem, the anesthesiologist and intensive care physician require a thorough understanding of the numerous determinants that influence cellular oxygenation. This article reviews the basic physiology of oxygen uptake and delivery to tissues as well as the options to monitor determinants of oxygenation at different stages from the alveolus to the cell.

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