• Joshua S Davis, Archana Sud, O'Sullivan Matthew V N MVN Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney. , James O Robinson, Patricia E Ferguson, Hong Foo, van Hal Sebastiaan J SJ Department Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales., Anna P Ralph, Benjamin P Howden, Paula M Binks, Adrienne Kirby, Tong Steven Y C SYC Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research. Department o, Combination Antibiotics for MEthicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMERA) study group, Steven Tong, Joshua Davis, Paula Binks, Suman Majumdar, Anna Ralph, Rob Baird, Claire Gordon, Cameron Jeremiah, Grace Leung, Anna Brischetto, Amy Crowe, Farshid Dakh, Kelly Whykes, Maria Kirkwood, Mahesh Menon, Lucy Somerville, Shrada Subedi, Shirley Owen, Matthew O'Sullivan, Eunice Liu, Fei Zhou, Owen Robinson, Geoffrey Coombs, Patrician Ferguson, Simon Pollet, Sebastian Van Hal, and Rebecca Davis.
• Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research.
• Clin. Infect. Dis. 2016 Jan 15; 62 (2): 173-180.

BackgroundIn vitro laboratory and animal studies demonstrate a synergistic role for the combination of vancomycin and antistaphylococcal β-lactams for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Prospective clinical data are lacking.MethodsIn this open-label, multicenter, clinical trial, adults with MRSA bacteremia received vancomycin 1.5 g intravenously twice daily and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous flucloxacillin 2 g every 6 hours for 7 days (combination group) or no additional therapy (standard therapy group). Participants were stratified by hospital and randomized in permuted blocks of variable size. Randomization codes were kept in sealed, sequentially numbered, opaque envelopes. The primary outcome was the duration of MRSA bacteremia in days.ResultsWe randomly assigned 60 patients to receive vancomycin (n = 29), or vancomycin plus flucloxacillin (n = 31). The mean duration of bacteremia was 3.00 days in the standard therapy group and 1.94 days in the combination group. According to a negative binomial model, the mean time to resolution of bacteremia in the combination group was 65% (95% confidence interval, 41%-102%; P = .06) that in the standard therapy group. There was no difference in the secondary end points of 28- and 90-day mortality, metastatic infection, nephrotoxicity, or hepatotoxicity.ConclusionsCombining an antistaphylococcal β-lactam with vancomycin may shorten the duration of MRSA bacteremia. Further trials with a larger sample size and objective clinically relevant end points are warranted. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000940077 (www.anzctr.org.au).© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

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