• Max Cooper, Alex Pollard, Aparajita Pandey, Stephen Bremner, Lucia Macken, Catherine J Evans, Mark Austin, Nick Parnell, Shani Steer, Sam Thomson, Ahmed Hashim, Louise Mason, and Sumita Verma.
• Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Aug 1; 62 (2): 312-325.e2.

ContextPalliative care remains suboptimal in end-stage liver disease (ESLD).ObjectivesWe report qualitative outcomes from the REDUCe study. We aimed to explore and contrast experiences/perceptions/care pathways of patients with refractory ascites due to ESLD randomized to either palliative long-term abdominal drains (LTADs) (allow home drainage) vs. large volume paracentesis (LVP) (hospital drainage).MethodsConcurrent embedded qualitative study in a 12-week feasibility randomized controlled trial. Telephone interviews were conducted, data being recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis, considered in terms of a pathway approach toward accessing health care. Quantitative outcomes were collected (integrated palliative outcome scale, short-form liver disease quality of life, EQ-5D-5 L, Zarit Burden Interview-12).ResultsFourteen patients (six allocated LTAD and eight LVP) and eight nurses participated in the qualitative study. The patient journey in the LVP group could be hindered by challenges along the entire care pathway, from recognizing the need for drainage to a lengthy wait in hospital for drainage and/or to be discharged. These issues also impacted upon caregivers. In contrast, LTADs appeared to transform this care pathway at all levels across the patient's journey by removing the need for hospital drainage. Additional benefits included personalized care, improved symptom control of ascites, being at home, and regular support from community nurses. Nurses also viewed the LTAD favorably, though expressed the need for additional support should this become standard of care.ConclusionPatients and nurses expressed acceptability of palliative LTAD in ESLD and preference for this approach in enabling care at home. Proceeding to a definitive trial is feasible.Trial RegistrationISRCTN30697116, date assigned: 07/10/2015.Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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