• J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Jun 2013

    CT perfusion improves diagnostic accuracy and confidence in acute ischaemic stroke.

    • Bruce C V Campbell, Louise Weir, Patricia M Desmond, Hans T H Tu, Peter J Hand, Bernard Yan, Geoffrey A Donnan, Mark W Parsons, and Stephen M Davis.
    • Department of Medicine, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. bruce.campbell@mh.org.au
    • J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.. 2013 Jun 1;84(6):613-8.

    Background And ObjectiveCT perfusion (CTP) is rapid and accessible for emergency ischaemic stroke diagnosis. The feasibility of introducing CTP and diagnostic accuracy versus non-contrast CT (NCCT) in a tertiary hospital were assessed.MethodsAll patients presenting <9 h from stroke onset or with wake-up stroke were eligible for CTP (Siemens 16-slice scanner, 2×24 mm slabs) unless they had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<50 ml/min or diabetes with unknown eGFR. NCCT was assessed by a radiologist and stroke neurologist for early ischaemic change and hyperdense arteries. CTP was assessed for prolonged time to peak and reduced cerebral blood flow. Technical adequacy was defined as 2 CTP slabs of sufficient quality to diagnose stroke.ResultsBetween January 2009 and September 2011, 1152 ischaemic stroke patients were admitted, 475 (41%) were <9 h/wake-up onset. Of these, 276 (58%) had CTP. Reasons for not performing CTP were diabetes with unknown eGFR (48 (10%)), known kidney disease (36 (8%)), established infarct on NCCT (27 (6%)), posterior circulation syndrome (25 (5%)) and patient motion/instability (16 (3%)). Clinician discretion excluded a further 47 (10%). CTP was more frequently diagnostic than NCCT (80% vs 50%, p<0.001). Non-diagnostic CTP was due to lacunar infarction (28 (10%)), infarct outside slab coverage (21 (8%)), technical failure (4 (1%)) and reperfusion (2 (0.7%)). Normal CTP in 86/87 patients with stroke mimics supported withholding tissue plasminogen activator. CTP technical adequacy improved from 56% to 86% (p<0.001) after the first 6 months. Median time for NCCT/CTP/arch-vertex CT angiogram (including processing and interpretation) was 12 min. No clinically significant contrast nephropathy occurred.ConclusionsCTP in suspected stroke is widely applicable, rapid and increases diagnostic confidence.

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