• Nabila Boukelmoune, Geoffroy Laumet, Yongfu Tang, Jiacheng Ma, Itee Mahant, Susmita K Singh, Cora Nijboer, Manon Benders, Annemieke Kavelaars, and Cobi J Heijnen.
• Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
• Brain Behav. Immun. 2021 Mar 1; 93: 43-54.

AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most frequently reported adverse effects of cancer treatment. CIPN often persists long after treatment completion and has detrimental effects on patient's quality of life. There are no efficacious FDA-approved drugs for CIPN. We recently demonstrated that nasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) reverses the cognitive deficits induced by cisplatin in mice. Here we show that nasal administration of MSC after cisplatin- or paclitaxel treatment- completely reverses signs of established CIPN, including mechanical allodynia, spontaneous pain, and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) in the paw. The resolution of CIPN is associated with normalization of the cisplatin-induced decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetics in DRG neurons. Nasally administered MSC enter rapidly the meninges of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral lymph nodes to promote IL-10 production by macrophages. MSC-mediated resolution of mechanical allodynia, recovery of IENFs and restoration of DRG mitochondrial function critically depends on IL-10 production. MSC from IL-10 knockout animals are not capable of reversing the symptoms of CIPN. Moreover, WT MSC do not reverse CIPN in mice lacking IL-10 receptors on peripheral sensory neurons. In conclusion, only two nasal administrations of MSC fully reverse CIPN and the associated mitochondrial abnormalities via an IL-10 dependent pathway. Since MSC are already applied clinically, we propose that nasal MSC treatment could become a powerful treatment for the large group of patients suffering from neurotoxicities of cancer treatment.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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