• Naoki Kato, Ichiro Yuki, Katharina Otani, Toshihiro Ishibashi, Shota Kakizaki, Gota Nagayama, Fumiaki Maruyama, Ayako Ikemura, Issei Kan, Tomonobu Kodama, Yukiko Abe, and Yuichi Murayama.
• Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nao-kth@jikei.ac.jp.
• World Neurosurg. 2021 Mar 1; 147: e388-e395.

ObjectiveTo investigate flow diverter (FD) apposition on fused images acquired by high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography.MethodsPatients with large or giant internal carotid artery aneurysms treated with Pipeline FDs who underwent CBCT imaging at our institution between October 2016 and May 2019 were included. Two neurosurgeons measured the maximum malapposition between FDs and vessel walls on 3D fusion images of high-resolution CBCT images displaying the FD and 3D digital subtraction angiography images displaying the vessels. Associations between the relative malapposition, FD diameter, vessel diameter, proximal and distal vessel diameter discrepancy, and siphon angle were evaluated by linear regression analysis. Inter-rater and intermethod (3D and 2D image) agreements of the malapposition measurements were assessed by Bland-Altman analysis and by interclass correlation coefficients.ResultsImages of 2 patients were excluded because of image artifacts or fusion errors, and 3D fusion images were acquired in the remaining 26 patients. Our results did not suggest that relative malapposition was associated with vessel diameter (P = 0.12), vessel diameter discrepancy (P = 0.60), or syphon angle (P = 0.34), but relative malapposition increased by an estimated 13% (95% confidence interval: 4%-23%, P = 0.006) for each 1 mm increase in FD diameter. Inter-rater and intermethod agreements for apposition measurements were excellent and good, respectively.ConclusionsThree-dimensional fusion images provided clear visualization of structures of both the stent and parent artery with excellent diagnostic reliability. Careful deployment may be needed for FDs with larger diameters, as they tended to have larger relative malapposition.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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