• Sowmya M Ramaswamy, Maud A S Weerink, Struys Michel M R F MMRF University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, Groningen, The Netherlands. , and Sunil B Nagaraj.
• University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• Sleep. 2021 Feb 12; 44 (2).

Study ObjectivesDexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during deep sedation are comparable with natural sleep patterns. Using large-scale EEG recordings and machine learning techniques, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation indeed mimics natural sleep patterns.MethodsWe used EEG recordings from three sources in this study: 8,707 overnight sleep EEG and 30 dexmedetomidine clinical trial EEG. Dexmedetomidine-induced sedation levels were assessed using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score. We extracted 22 spectral features from each EEG recording using a multitaper spectral estimation method. Elastic-net regularization method was used for feature selection. We compared the performance of several machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest), trained on individual sleep stages, to predict different levels of the MOAA/S sedation state.ResultsThe random forest algorithm trained on non-rapid eye movement stage 3 (N3) predicted dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0) with area under the receiver operator characteristics curve >0.8 outperforming other machine learning models. Power in the delta band (0-4 Hz) was selected as an important feature for prediction in addition to power in theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (16-30 Hz) bands.ConclusionsUsing a large-scale EEG data-driven approach and machine learning framework, we show that dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation state mimics N3 sleep EEG patterns.Clinical TrialsName-Pharmacodynamic Interaction of REMI and DMED (PIRAD), URL-https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143972, and registration-NCT03143972.© Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society.

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