• Shuai Ye, Jong-Han Yim, Jung-Ryul Kim, Kyu Yun Jang, Hongen Wang, Jeffrey C Wang, and Kwang-Bok Lee.
• *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery †Pathology ‡Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea; and §Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
• Spine. 2015 Jul 15;40(14):E799-807.

Study DesignProspective in vivo rodent model of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced inflammation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of the coadministration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, on BMP-induced inflammation using our rodent model.Summary Of Background DataThe use of BMP-2 is associated with inflammation in the neck and back. We have previously reported on a rodent model of BMP-2-induced inflammation.MethodsSeven treatment groups were: Surgery alone; absorbable collagen sponges (ACS) alone; 20 μg rhBMP-2 on ACS with no diclofenac; 20 μg rhBMP-2 on ACS+50 mg diclofenac injections; 20 μg rhBMP-2 on ACS+75 mg diclofenac; 20 μg rhBMP-2 on ACS+100 mg diclofenac; and 20 μg rhBMP-2 on ACS+125 mg diclofenac. Using magnetic resonance imaging, inflammation (soft tissue edema volume) was assessed at 3 hours and at 2, 7, and 14 days after implantation. Western blot analysis, histology, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to compare the inflammatory response between groups. The mass size and tissue density of bone formation were compared between groups using plain radiography.ResultsSoft-tissue edema volumes in all diclofenac-treated groups were significantly lower than those observed in the rhBMP-2 alone. There was no significant difference in soft tissue edema volumes between 4 diclofenac-treated groups. The expression of NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins (p65 and p-p65) were increased in the rhBMP-2+ACS group and decreased in diclofenac treatment groups. Histological findings and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with the Western blot results. There was no significant difference between the rhBMP-2+ACS group and diclofenac treatment groups in terms of the mass size and tissue density of bone formation.ConclusionCoadministration of diclofenac sodium can reduce the inflammatory response to BMP-2 without impairing heterotopic bone formation in our rodent model of BMP-2-induced inflammation.Level Of EvidenceN/A.

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