• Antonio Messina, Giulia Lionetti, Lorenzo Foti, Enrico Bellotti, Nicole Marcomini, Gianmaria Cammarota, Victoria Bennett, Laura Saderi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Della Corte Francesco F, Alessandro Protti, Manuel I Monge García, Stefano Romagnoli, and Maurizio Cecconi.
• From the Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS -, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (Mi) - Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy (AM, GL, AP, MC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan (AM, AP, MC), Section of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (LF, SR), Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy (EB, NM, GC, FDC), Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (VB), Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (LS, GS) and Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario SAS de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain (MIMG).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Apr 1; 38 (4): 422-431.

BackgroundThe fluid challenge response in surgical patients can be predicted by functional haemodynamic tests. Two tests, the mini-fluid challenge (mini-FC) and end-expiratory occlusion test (EEOT), have been assessed in a few small single-centre studies with conflicting results. In general, functional haemodynamic tests have not performed reliably in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing laparotomy.ObjectiveThis trial is designed to address and compare the reliability of the EEOT and the mini-FC in predicting fluid responsiveness during laparotomy.DesignProspective, multicentre study.SettingThree university hospitals in Italy.PatientsA total of 103 adults patients scheduled for elective laparotomy with invasive arterial monitoring.InterventionsThe study protocol evaluated the changes in the stroke volume index (SVI) 20 s (EEOT20) and 30 s (EEOT30) after an expiratory hold and after a mini-FC of 100 ml over 1 min. Fluid responsiveness required an increase in SVI at least 10% following 4 ml kg-1 of Ringer's solution fluid challenge infused over 10 min.Main Outcome MeasurementsHaemodynamic data, including SVI, were obtained from pulse contour analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the tests were compared with assess fluid responsiveness.ResultsFluid challenge administration induced an increase in SVI at least 10% in 51.5% of patients. The rate of fluid responsiveness was comparable among the three participant centres (P = 0.10). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (95% CI) of the changes in SVI after mini-FC was 0.95 (0.88 to 0.98), sensitivity 98.0% (89.5 to 99.6) and specificity 86.8% (75.1 to 93.4) for a cut-off value of 4% of increase in SVI. This was higher than the SVI changes after EEOT20, 0.67 (0.57 to 0.76) and after EEOT30, 0.73 (0.63 to 0.81).ConclusionIn patients undergoing laparotomy the mini-FC reliably predicted fluid responsiveness with high-sensitivity and specificity. The EEOT showed poor discriminative value and cannot be recommended for assessment of fluid responsiveness in this surgical setting.Trial RegistrationNCT03808753.Copyright © 2021 European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

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