• H Yener Erken, Halil Burc, Gursel Saka, Ibrahim Akmaz, and Mehmet Aydogan.
• *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey ‡Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; and §Bosphorus Spine Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Spine. 2014 Mar 15;39(6):521-5.

Study DesignProspective multicenter study of patients who underwent pediatric spinal deformity correction with posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation.ObjectiveTo quantify radiation exposure to the surgeon during pedicle screw fixation using the freehand technique in pediatric spinal deformity surgery.Summary Of Background DataPedicle screw placement in thoracic and lumbar spine for spinal deformity is technically demanding and involves radiation exposure. Many experienced spinals surgeons use the freehand technique for pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformity surgery. There are no studies analyzing radiation exposure to the surgeon regarding freehand pedicle screw fixation technique.MethodsA prospective multicenter study was designed to evaluate radiation exposure to the operating spinal surgeon who uses the freehand pedicle screw fixation technique in pediatric spinal deformity correction. All of the operating surgeons placed a gamma radiation dosimeter on their chest outside the lead apron during surgery. Surgeons placed pedicle screws in the pediatric spinal deformity using the freehand technique. We included patients who had undergone correction with posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation with all pedicle screw constructs in this study.ResultsWe analyzed 125 patients with pediatric spinal deformity who were operated on between 2008 and 2012. The average fluoroscopic time was 40.5 ± 21 seconds. The overall average fluoroscopic time for placement of a single pedicle screw and per fixation level were 2.6 ± 1.7 seconds and 3.9 ± 2.5 seconds, respectively. In each surgery, the recorded radiation exposure to the surgeon was less than the minimum reportable dose (<0.010 mSv) with an average of 0.0005 ± 0.00013 mSv per surgery.ConclusionThe use of freehand technique for pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformity correction requires a minimum amount of fluoroscopic use, hence decreasing radiation exposure to the surgeon and patient.Level Of Evidence4.

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