• Abdullah A Al Mulhim, Sara L Schulwolf, Kathleen M McFadden, and Hamid Shokoohi.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Ultrasound Research and Education (CURE) at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
• J Emerg Med. 2021 May 1; 60 (5): e119-e124.

BackgroundPatients with anorectal complaints commonly present to the emergency department (ED). In patients with prior history of pelvic radiation and those with risk factors for sexually transmitted infections, proctitis is frequently on the differential diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scans are frequently done in patients with atypical presentations and those with broader differential diagnoses. Although in cases with suspected uncomplicated proctitis, conducting a point-of-care transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) may provide sufficient data to confirm the diagnosis and ascertain a safe plan for outpatient management, thus limiting the need for CT scan, a frequent flow-limiting step in the ED.Case ReportIn this article, we present a brief case series of patients presenting to the ED with anorectal complaints in whom TPUS revealed circumferential symmetric rectal wall edema and pericolonic stranding suggestive of proctitis. History and subsequent imaging further supported these diagnoses; we also briefly detail the patients' clinical course and outcomes. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: We propose the use of TPUS as the screening imaging for anorectal pathologies and those with suspected proctitis to increase its use among emergency physicians. We review the main sonographic features of proctitis alongside reports from clinical cases, as well as the potential advantages of TPUS as a first-line imaging modality as compared with CT or magnetic resonance imaging. Although the complexities of anorectal anatomy can make TPUS a more difficult ultrasound modality to master, integrating TPUS into clinical practice will prove beneficial to both physician and patient.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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