• Qiulei Jia, Wenbing Han, Shuqing Shi, and Yuanhui Hu.
• Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 8; 100 (1): e24280e24280.

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, and is high relative to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AF-related complications and treatment costs bring about huge health burden, therefore the prevention recurrence of AF is imperative. "Upstream therapy" refers to the use of non-antiarrhythmic drugs (non-AADs) that modify the atrial substrate or target-specific mechanisms of AF to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of the arrhythmia. RAAS Blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists and statins have an effect on preventing recurrence of atrial fibrillation. This protocol is designed for systematic review and network meta-analysis, which will assess comparative effects and safety of various non-antiarrhythmic drugs in preventing recurrence of atrial fibrillation.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched from inception to Aug 31, 2020 to identify relevant studies. The Cochrane "Risk of bias" tool will be used to assess the methodological quality of eligible studies. The pair-wise meta-analysis will be performed by STATA 14.0 software. The network meta-analysis will be implemented in a Bayesian framework using Win BUGS 1.4.3 and the package "gemtc" V.0.8.1 of R-3.6.2 software. The network plots will be drawn using STATA 14.0 software. A comparison-adjusted funnel plot will be used to assess the publication bias using STATA 14.0 software. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsThe results of this network meta-analysis will determine the preventive effect and rank ordering of these interventions for recurrence of AF. The report will follow the PRISMA checklist for network meta-analysis.ConclusionThis network meta-analysis will provide comprehensive evidence-based information in clinical practice.Inplasy Registration NumberINPLASY202090004.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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