• Kosuke Nakajo, Takehiro Uda, Toshiyuki Kawashima, Yuzo Terakawa, Kenichi Ishibashi, Naohiro Tsuyuguchi, Yuta Tanoue, Atsufumi Nagahama, Hiroshi Uda, Saya Koh, Tsuyoshi Sasaki, Kenji Ohata, Yonehiro Kanemura, and Takeo Goto.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: kousuke19841984@yahoo.co.jp.
• World Neurosurg. 2021 Apr 1; 148: e471-e481.

BackgroundThe relationship between uptake of amino acid tracer with positron emission tomography (PET) and glioma subtypes/gene status is still unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between uptake of [11C]methionine using PET and pathology, IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) promoter status in gliomas.MethodsThe participants were 68 patients with newly diagnosed and untreated glioma who underwent surgical excision and preoperative [11C]methionine PET examination at Osaka City University Hospital between July 2011 and March 2018. Clinical and imaging studies were reviewed retrospectively based on the medical records at our institution.ResultsThe mean lesion/contralateral normal brain tissue (L/N) ratio of diffuse astrocytomas was significantly lower than that of anaplastic astrocytomas (P = 0.00155), glioblastoma (P < 0.001), and oligodendrogliomas (P = 0.0157). The mean L/N ratio of IDH mutant gliomas was significantly lower than that of IDH wild-type gliomas (median 1.75 vs. 2.61; P = 0.00162). A mean L/N ratio of 2.05 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between IDH mutant and IDH wild-type gliomas (69.2% and 76.2%, respectively). The mean L/N ratio of TERT promoter mutant gliomas was significantly higher than that of TERT promoter wild-type gliomas (P = 0.0147). Multiple regression analysis showed that pathologic diagnosis was the only influential factor on L/N ratio.ConclusionsDistinguishing glioma subtypes based on the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification of the central nervous system tumors on the basis of [11C]methionine PET alone seems to be difficult. However, [11C]methionine PET might be useful for predicting the IDH mutation status in newly diagnosed and untreated gliomas noninvasively before tumor resection.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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