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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Vitamin D and/or Marine n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Changes in Migraine Frequency and Severity: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- Pamela M Rist, Julie E Buring, Nancy R Cook, JoAnn E Manson, and Tobias Kurth.
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Electronic address: prist@mail.harvard.edu.
- Am. J. Med. 2021 Jun 1; 134 (6): 756-762.e5.
BackgroundThere is interest in whether supplements, including vitamin D and marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, may be effective migraine prophylaxis. However, few studies have evaluated whether vitamin D or n-3 fatty acid supplementation may reduce migraine frequency or severity.MethodsParticipants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) were assigned to vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) or marine n-3 fatty acid (1 g/d) supplementation in a 2-by-2 factorial design. Lifetime history of migraine was assessed a median of 4.6 years after the start of the trial. Individuals were asked to self-report changes in migraine frequency (no change, more frequent, or less frequent) and severity (no change, more severe, less severe) in the past 5 years. We used χ2 tests to compare proportions of individuals reporting changes in migraine frequency and severity between active and placebo groups.ResultsAmong the 25,871 participants in VITAL, 1032 participants had a history of probable migraine and provided information on changes in migraine frequency and severity. The percentage of individuals reporting decreases in migraine frequency did not differ between active (69.0%) and placebo vitamin D (68.4%) (P value = 0.54) or between active (67.8%) and placebo n-3 fatty acid (69.6%) (P value = 0.82). Similarly, the percentage of individuals reporting decreases in migraine severity did not differ between active (64.1%) and placebo vitamin D (65.0%) (P value = 0.86) or between active (64.5%) and placebo n-3 fatty acid (64.5%) (P value = 0.96).ConclusionsNeither vitamin D nor marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation, compared to placebo, affected migraine frequency or severity among middle-aged or older adults.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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