• James D O'Leary.
• Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, 12th Floor, 123 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada. Electronic address: james.oleary@utoronto.ca.
• Clin Perinatol. 2019 Dec 1; 46 (4): 637-645.

AbstractIn 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration warned that exposure to anesthetic medicines for lengthy periods of time or over multiple surgeries may affect brain development in children aged less than 3 years. Since then, the clinical literature continues to find mixed evidence of pediatric anesthesia-related neurotoxicity. However, several new human studies provide strong evidence that a single short exposure to general anesthesia in young children does not cause detectable neurocognitive injury by neuropsychological testing. These newer findings are reassuring, but cannot be extrapolated to children who are deemed to be at highest risk of neurologic injury after anesthesia.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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