• Kelvin Chew, Kathryn J Stevens, Tyng-Guey Wang, Michael Fredericson, and Henry L Lew.
• Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.
• Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Mar 1; 87 (3): 238-48.

AbstractThis is the second of two articles focusing on ultrasound examination of musculoskeletal components of the upper and lower limbs. Treatment of musculoskeletal injuries is based on establishing an accurate diagnosis. No one would dispute that a good history and physical examination by a competent clinician can help achieve that in the majority of cases. However, musculoskeletal imaging is also an essential adjunct in the work-up of many musculoskeletal disorders. This article describes the ultrasound examination of the lower limb in terms of anatomic structure. Normal and pathologic ultrasound features of these structures, including muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae, and other soft tissues of the lower limb, will be described by reviewing several representative pathologies commonly seen in musculoskeletal medicine.

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