• Si Nae Oh, Young Ho Yun, Bhumsuk Keam, Young Sung Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Yu Jung Kim, Jung Hun Kang, Kangkook Lee, In Cheol Hwang, Ho-Suk Oh, Eun-Kee Song, and Jae Yong Shim.
• Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Department of Hospice and Palliative Service, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Aug 1; 62 (2): 416-424.e2.

ContextThe goal of palliative care is to maximize the quality of life and thus maintain the dignity of patients facing problems associated with a life-threatening illness. The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is an instrument used to measure various sources of distress that can impact patients' sense of dignity at the end of life.ObjectivesWe aimed to obtain a Korean translation of the PDI (PDI-K) and evaluate its psychometric properties in patients with advanced cancer.MethodsTranslation and cultural adaptation of the PDI were performed to obtain the Korean version. In a sample of 131 inpatients and outpatients with advanced cancer, psychometric properties, including factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent validity, were examined. Concurrent validity was evaluated using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being.ResultsCronbach's α for the PDI-K was 0.96. Four factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 68.7% of the overall variance: Dependency and Physical Symptoms, Psychological Distress, Existential Distress, and SocialSupport. Concurrent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between PDI-K and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (r = 0.40 to 0.59, P < 0.001), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = 0.78 to 0.81, P < 0.001), and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (r = -0.32 to -0.57, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings indicate that the PDI-K is a valid and reliable instrument to measure dignity-related distress in patients with advanced cancer. This tool provides a four-factor Korean language alternative to the PDI.Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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