• Kenny H Chan, Jordyn K Dinwiddie, Gurpreet S Ahuja, Erica C Bennett, Matthew T Brigger, David H Chi, Daniel I Choo, Michael J Cunningham, Ravindhra G Elluru, Carla M Giannoni, Steven L Goudy, Jeffrey A Koempel, Carol J MacArthur, Barbara Malone, Anna H Messner, Ron B Mitchell, Albert H Park, Gresham T Richter, Kristina W Rosbe, Udayan K Shah, Kathy C Y Sie, Richard J Smith, Cecille G Sulman, Jerome W Thompson, Marc C Thorne, Julie L Wei, Ralph F Wetmore, David R White, George H Zalzal, and Scott R Schoem.
• Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. Electronic address: Kenny.Chan@childrenscolorado.org.
• Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Feb 1; 129: 109770.

IntroductionAdvanced practice providers (APPs), including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, have been deployed in children's hospital-based academic pediatric otolaryngology practices for many years. However, this relationship in terms of prevalence, roles, financial consequences and satisfaction has not been examined. The objective of this study is to explore how APPs impact healthcare delivery in this setting.MethodsPediatric otolaryngology chiefs of all academic children's hospitals in the US were electronically surveyed about the ways APPs intersected clinically and financially in their respective practice.ResultsA total of 29 of 36 children's hospital-based pediatric otolaryngology practices completed the survey, of which 26 practices (90%) utilized APP. There were large variances within the APP practice cohort in faculty size (mean/median/range = 9.4/8.5/3-29); annual patient visits (mean/median = 18,373/17,600); number of practice site (mean/median/range = 4.3/4/2-9) and number of outpatient APP (mean/median/range = 6.3/5/1-30). No factors (faculty size, annual visits and number of practice sites) differentiated between the APP and non-APP practices. Among APP practices, significant correlation (p<.00001) was observed between size of APP cohort to faculty size and annual visits. 69% of the practices did not differentiate job functions of nurse practitioners and physician assistants. 85% of the practices utilized APPs in all practice sites and 19% utilized APPs in the operating room. 77% of APPs billed independently and 46% had on-site supervision. The most prevalent APP salary bracket based on 0-5, 6-10 and > 11 years of tenure were $76-100K (65%), $100-150K (77%) and $100-150K (86%), respectively. In 46% of the practices, APPs were able to generate enough revenue to cover more than 75% of their salary and 23% of practices generated a profit. 81% of the chiefs ranked the effectiveness of APPs as high (4 and 5) on a 5-point Likert scale.DiscussionThe majority of academic pediatric otolaryngology practices employed APPs. Despite the diversity seen in practice complexity, APP functionality and financial impact, most found the APP model to be beneficial in improving patient care, patient access and faculty productivity.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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