• Anitha Saravanan, Prempreet Bajaj, Herbert L Mathews, Dina Tell, Angela Starkweather, and Linda Janusek.
• Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. Electronic address: asaravanan@niu.edu.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 Jun 1; 22 (3): 361-368.

BackgroundChronic low back pain is a prevalent condition, often involving an inflammatory process. Behavioral symptoms, including depressed mood, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, intensifies pain and reduces quality of life.AimsThe objectives of this pilot study were to identify behavioral symptom clusters (depressive mood, fatigue, poor sleep) in individuals with chronic low back pain, and to determine whether there are differences in pain, quality of life and inflammation (plasma IL-6) based on cluster membership.Design And SettingsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a pain clinic.Participants/ SubjectsParticipants between ages 21 to 70 years (N=69) were enrolled if they had chronic low back pain for at least six months.MethodsParticipants completed instruments measuring, pain, depressive mood, fatigue, sleep, and demographic form. Blood (10ml) was obtained. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters.Results And ConclusionsFindings revealed a two-class model, with Class 1 characterized by more depressive mood, fatigue, and sleep disturbance compared to Class 2. Class 1 participants reported worse quality of life than those in Class 2. Pain severity and pain interference were not significantly different between the classes. Levels of IL-6 were significantly greater in Class 1 participants compared to Class 2 with higher levels of IL-6 correlating with greater pain severity and sleep disturbances. Logistic regression revealed higher levels of IL-6 predicted Class 1 membership. Behavioral symptoms cluster exist in chronic low back pain patients and impact quality of life. Inflammation may contribute to relationship between behavioral symptoms and pain severity.Copyright © 2020 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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