• Irene Baroni, Cristina Arrigoni, Rosario Caruso, Arianna Magon, Giulia Villa, Duilio F Manara, Davide Ausili, and Federica Dellafiore.
• Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
• Panminerva Med. 2023 Mar 1; 65 (1): 768376-83.

IntroductionSelf-care is associated with clinical outcomes of adults with T1DM. Some evidence highlighted significant sex-related differences in self-care behaviors in this population. However, the literature on this topic has not been synthesized before. This study aimed to summarize, critically review, and interpret evidence regarding sex-related differences in adults' self-care behaviors with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Evidence AcquisitionA systematic search of articles in the following databases was performed: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL. Articles published from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and flowchart were used to support the systematic review and study reporting. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from the included articles.Evidence SynthesisFrom the 596 identified records, only 15 articles were included because pertinent to this review. Both females and males with T1DM must improve their ability to respond to signs and symptoms when they occur. Females are more likely to perform adequate blood glucose monitoring and adequate diet than males. In contrast, males are more likely to show more adequate levels of physical activity.ConclusionsClinicians should pay greater attention to supporting females with T1DM to enhance their behaviors for maintaining an adequate health status and glycemic control. Likely, greater attention is required to sustain males to monitor changes in their signs and symptoms. Self-care management should be improved in both sexes.

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