• Alessandra Barassi, Raffaele Pezzilli, Michele Mondoni, Rocco F Rinaldo, Matteo Davì, Mario Cozzolino, Gianvico Melzi D'Eril, and Stefano Centanni.
• Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
• Panminerva Med. 2023 Mar 1; 65 (1): 232923-29.

BackgroundVitamin D (VitD) deficiency has been reported to be associated with respiratory tract infection. In this work we evaluated the concentration of VitD in COVID-19 patients experiencing acute respiratory infections of different levels of severity excluding those who underwent invasive respiratory support.MethodsThe levels of serum VitD and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed in 118 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients (74 male, 44 female), confirmed with rRT-PCR. Of these patients with ventilation support 52 (44.1%) received oxygen via nasal cannula, oxygen mask or an oxygen mask with a reservoir, 48 (40.7%) were on a continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP) and 18 (15,3%) on non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV).ResultsThe median values (range) of VitD and of CRP were 15.1 ng/mL (1.3-73.3) and 14.2 mg/L (5.0-151.2), respectively. A negative correlation from VitD levels and those of CRP (correlation coefficient: 0.259: P=0.005) was observed. VitD levels in O2 support patients were significantly higher than in both CPAP and NIMV patients. No statistical differences were found for CRP levels (P=0.834) among the three type of oxygen support. Fewer patients with O2 support had VitD <30 ng/mL and <20 ng/mL than CPAP and NIMV patients. There were no relationships between VitD and the three classes of IgM (P=0.419) and of IgG (P=0.862) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies values. The behavior was the same for CRP.ConclusionsOur study shows that a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients have a VitD deficiency and that this condition is more frequent in CPAP and in NIMV patients.

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