• Marie-Sophie Grave, Fritz Sterz, Alexander Nürnberger, Stergios Fykatas, Mathias Gatterbauer, Albert Friedrich Stättermayer, Andreas Zajicek, Reinhard Malzer, Dieter Sebald, and Raphael van Tulder.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna Wiener Berufsrettung, Municipal Ambulance Service, Vienna University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl-Landsteiner Medical University, Lower Austria Department of Internal Medicine III, Divison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug 1; 95 (34): e4692.

AbstractWe investigated feasibility and safety of the RhinoChill (RC) transnasal cooling system initiated before achieving a protected airway during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a prehospital setting.In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), transnasal evaporative cooling was initiated during CPR, before a protected airway was established and continued until either the patient was declared dead, standard institutional systemic cooling methods were implemented or cooling supply was empty. Patients were monitored throughout the hypothermia period until either death or hospital discharge. Clinical assessments and relevant adverse events (AEs) were documented over this period of time.In total 21 patients were included. Four were excluded due to user errors or meeting exclusion criteria. Finally, 17 patients (f = 6; mean age 65.5 years, CI95%: 57.7-73.4) were analyzed. Device-related AEs, like epistaxis or nose whitening, occurred in 2 patients. They were mild and had no consequence on the patient's outcome. According to the field reports of the emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, no severe technical problems occurred by using the RC device that led to a delay or the impairment of quality of the CPR.Early application of the RC device, during OHCA is feasible, safe, easy to handle, and does not delay or hinder CPR, or establishment of a secure intubation. For efficacy and further safety data additional studies will be needed.

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