• Allison Tong, Amanda Baumgart, Nicole Evangelidis, Andrea K Viecelli, Simon A Carter, Luciano Cesar Azevedo, Tess Cooper, Andrew Bersten, Lilia Cervantes, Derek P Chew, Sally Crowe, Ivor S Douglas, Ella Flemyng, Julian H Elliott, Elyssa Hannan, Peter Horby, Martin Howell, Angela Ju, Jaehee Lee, Eduardo Lorca, Deena Lynch, Karine E Manera, John C Marshall, Andrea Matus Gonzalez, Anne McKenzie, Sangeeta Mehta, Mervyn Mer, Andrew Conway Morris, Dale M Needham, Saad Nseir, Pedro Povoa, Mark Reid, Yasser Sakr, Ning Shen, Alan R Smyth, A John Simpson, Tom Snelling, StrippoliGiovanni F MGFMSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Antoni Torres, Tari Turner, Steve Webb, Paula R Williamson, Laila Woc-Colburn, Junhua Zhang, Jonathan C Craig, and COVID-19-Core Outcomes Set Investigators.
• Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• Crit. Care Med. 2021 Mar 1; 49 (3): 503516503-516.

ObjectivesRespiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, recovery, and mortality have been identified as critically important core outcomes by more than 9300 patients, health professionals, and the public from 111 countries in the global coronavirus disease 2019 core outcome set initiative. The aim of this project was to establish the core outcome measures for these domains for trials in coronavirus disease 2019.DesignThree online consensus workshops were convened to establish outcome measures for the four core domains of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, and recovery.SettingInternational.PatientsAbout 130 participants (patients, public, and health professionals) from 17 countries attended the three workshops.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsRespiratory failure, assessed by the need for respiratory support based on the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale, was considered pragmatic, objective, and with broad applicability to various clinical scenarios. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment was recommended for multiple organ failure, because it was routinely used in trials and clinical care, well validated, and feasible. The Modified Medical Research Council measure for shortness of breath, with minor adaptations (recall period of 24 hr to capture daily fluctuations and inclusion of activities to ensure relevance and to capture the extreme severity of shortness of breath in people with coronavirus disease 2019), was regarded as fit for purpose for this indication. The recovery measure was developed de novo and defined as the absence of symptoms, resumption of usual daily activities, and return to the previous state of health prior to the illness, using a 5-point Likert scale, and was endorsed.ConclusionsThe coronavirus disease 2019 core outcome set recommended core outcome measures have content validity and are considered the most feasible and acceptable among existing measures. Implementation of the core outcome measures in trials in coronavirus disease 2019 will ensure consistency and relevance of the evidence to inform decision-making and care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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