• Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. · Feb 2021

    [Hyponatremia - causes, diagnostic evaluation and treatment].

    • Ralph Kettritz.
    • Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Berlin-Buch.
    • Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 2021 Feb 1; 146 (3): 176-180.

    AbstractIntact osmoregulation prevents osmotic gradients thereby limiting cell swelling and shrinking. Hyponatremia is a state of an osmole-free water excess compared to the amounts of solutes and clinical management of hyponatremic patients requires pathophysiology-oriented approaches to select appropriate treatments. Clinicians need to assess the patient's volume status to differentiate hyponatremia with volume depletion, expansion or normovolemia, respectively. In addition, work-up includes differentiation between acute and chronic and asymptomatic and symptomatic hyponatremia. Estimation of free water-clearance helps predicting Serum-Na+ changes and is important to prevent overcorrection of hyponatremia. Water restriction, hypertonic salt, urea, V2-receptor-blockers and recently sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were employed to treat patients with hyponatremia.Thieme. All rights reserved.

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