• Marcel Jonker, Esther de Bekker-Grob, Jorien Veldwijk, Lucas Goossens, Sterre Bour, and Maureen Rutten-Van Mölken.
• Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
• JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Oct 9; 8 (10): e20741.

BackgroundSmartphone-based contact tracing apps can contribute to reducing COVID-19 transmission rates and thereby support countries emerging from lockdowns as restrictions are gradually eased.ObjectiveThe primary objective of our study is to determine the potential uptake of a contact tracing app in the Dutch population, depending on the characteristics of the app.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 900 Dutch respondents. Simulated maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate population average and individual-level preferences using a mixed logit model specification. Individual-level uptake probabilities were calculated based on the individual-level preference estimates and subsequently aggregated into the sample as well as subgroup-specific contact tracing app adoption rates.ResultsThe predicted app adoption rates ranged from 59.3% to 65.7% for the worst and best possible contact tracing app, respectively. The most realistic contact tracing app had a predicted adoption of 64.1%. The predicted adoption rates strongly varied by age group. For example, the adoption rates of the most realistic app ranged from 45.6% to 79.4% for people in the oldest and youngest age groups (ie, ≥75 years vs 15-34 years), respectively. Educational attainment, the presence of serious underlying health conditions, and the respondents' stance on COVID-19 infection risks were also correlated with the predicted adoption rates but to a lesser extent.ConclusionsA secure and privacy-respecting contact tracing app with the most realistic characteristics can obtain an adoption rate as high as 64% in the Netherlands. This exceeds the target uptake of 60% that has been formulated by the Dutch government. The main challenge will be to increase the uptake among older adults, who are least inclined to install and use a COVID-19 contact tracing app.©Marcel Jonker, Esther de Bekker-Grob, Jorien Veldwijk, Lucas Goossens, Sterre Bour, Maureen Rutten-Van Mölken. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 09.10.2020.

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