• Daniel J Libby, Patrick D Worhunsky, Corey E Pilver, and Judson A Brewer.
• Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA.
• Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jan 1; 6: 54.

BackgroundHigh-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) is a measure of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) output that has been associated with enhanced self-regulation. Low resting levels of HF-HRV are associated with nicotine dependence and blunted stress-related changes in HF-HRV are associated with decreased ability to resist smoking. Meditation has been shown to increase HF-HRV. However, it is unknown whether tonic levels of HF-HRV or acute changes in HF-HRV during meditation predict treatment responses in addictive behaviors such as smoking cessation.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between HF-HRV and subsequent smoking outcomes.MethodsHF-HRV during resting baseline and during mindfulness meditation was measured within two weeks of completing a 4-week smoking cessation intervention in a sample of 31 community participants. Self-report measures of smoking were obtained at a follow up 17-weeks after the initiation of treatment.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that individuals exhibiting acute increases in HF-HRV from resting baseline to meditation smoked fewer cigarettes at follow-up than those who exhibited acute decreases in HF-HRV (b = -4.89, p = 0.008).ConclusionAcute changes in HF-HRV in response to meditation may be a useful tool to predict smoking cessation treatment response.

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