• Tumul Chowdhury, Frédéric Lemaître, Eugene Golanov, Kristel L A M Kuypers, Bruno Buchholz, Ricardo J Gelpi, and Bernhard Schaller.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2022 Oct 1; 34 (4): 364-371.

AbstractThe trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-recognized brainstem reflex that represents a unique interaction between the brain and the heart through the Vth and Xth cranial nerves and brainstem nuclei. The TCR has mainly been reported as an intraoperative phenomenon causing cardiovascular changes during skull-base surgeries. However, it is now appreciated that the TCR is implicated during non-neurosurgical procedures and in nonsurgical conditions, and its complex reflex pathways have been explored as potential therapeutic options in various neurological and cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review presents an in-depth overview of hypothetical and experimental models of the TCR phenomenon in relation to the Vth and Xth cranial nerves. In addition, primitive interactions between these 2 cranial nerves and their significance are highlighted. Finally, therapeutic models of the complex interactions of the TCR and areas for further research will be considered.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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