• Nawal Salahuddin, Alaa Mohamed, Nadia Alharbi, Hamad Ansari, Khaled J Zaza, Qussay Marashly, Iqbal Hussain, Othman Solaiman, Torbjorn V Wetterberg, and Khalid Maghrabi.
• Adult Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. nsalahuddin@kfsh.edu.sa.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2016 Oct 25; 16 (1): 106.

BackgroundUnexplained coma after critical illness can be multifactorial. We evaluated the diagnostic ability of bedside Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter [ONSD] as a screening test for non-traumatic radiographic cerebral edema.MethodsIn a prospective study, mixed medical-surgical intensive care units [ICU] patients with non-traumatic coma [GCS < 9] underwent bedside ultrasonographic ONSD measurements. Non-traumatic radiographic cerebral edema [NTRCE] was defined as > 5 mm midline shift, cisternal, sulcal effacement, or hydrocephalus on CT.ResultsNTRCE was identified in 31 of 102 patients [30.4 %]. The area under the ROC curve for detecting radiographic edema by ONSD was 0.785 [95 % CI 0.695-0.874, p <0.001]. ONSD diameter of 0.57 cm was found to be the best cutoff threshold with a sensitivity 84 % and specificity 71 %, AUC 0.785 [95 % CI 0.695-0.874, p <0.001]. Using ONSD as a bedside test increased the post-test odds ratio [OR] for NTRCE by 2.89 times [positive likelihood ratio], whereas post-test OR for NTRCE decreased markedly given a negative ONSD test [ONSD measurement less than 0.57 cm]; negative likelihood ratio 0.22.ConclusionsThe use of ONSD as a bedside test in patients with non-traumatic coma has diagnostic value in identifying patients with non-traumatic radiographic cerebral edema.

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