• Ting Jiang, Yiyang Luo, and Binbin Wang.
• First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 22; 100 (3): e24393.

RationaleEpidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have elicited favorable anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer especially the lung adenocarcinoma. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is 1 of the fatal side effects of EGFR-TKIs. However, such type of side effect has not been observed in the follow-up during the treatment of the third-generation EGFR-TKI Almonertinib (also called HS-10296). Here, we first report an Almonertinib-induced ILD in an elderly female patient.Patient ConcernsA 70-year-old female diagnosed with " lung adenocarcinoma with intracranial metastasis" harboring a mutation of EGFR 19DEL was administrated with Almonertinib 110 mg orally as the first-line treatment. However, she presented with chest tightness, and shortness of breath, accompanying with paroxysmal dry cough 3 months after the initiation of Almonertinib.DiagnosesExtensive relevant examinations did not provide conclusive results and the chest computed tomography showed a diffuse ILD in bilateral pulmonary.InterventionsThe patient was diagnosed with Almonertinib-induced ILD in the absence of no other potential causes. She discontinued Almonertinib and was treated with oxygen uptaken and methylprednisolone.OutcomesThe whole symptoms were eliminated and the chest computed tomography showed ILD got remission after the prescription of methylprednisolone.LessonsAlmonertinib has potential to cause the rare but severe interstitial lung disease. Clinicians should keep cautious of this when prescribing Almonertinib.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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