• Wayne J English and D Brandon Williams.
• Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Room D5203 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2577, United States of America. Electronic address: wayne.english@vanderbilt.edu.
• Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Jul 1; 61 (2): 253-269.

AbstractObesity is a chronic and debilitating disease that has become a global epidemic. Especially severe in the Unites States, obesity currently affects almost 40% of the population. Obesity has a strong causal relationship with numerous serious comorbidities that impair quality of life, shorten life expectancy, and carry a major economic burden. Obesity has particular relevance to cardiologists because it contributes directly to several major cardiovascular diseases and, consequently, increases overall cardiovascular mortality. Multiple treatment options are available, but metabolic and bariatric surgery offers the most effective and durable treatment for obesity. Moreover, metabolic and bariatric operations alleviate and often completely eliminate numerous comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. With their low risk of complications and morbidity, metabolic and bariatric operations significantly improve quality of life and overall survival, particularly reducing death due to cardiovascular disease.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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