• Chadi M Saad-Roy, Caroline E Wagner, Rachel E Baker, Sinead E Morris, Jeremy Farrar, Andrea L Graham, Simon A Levin, Michael J Mina, Metcalf C Jessica E CJE 0000-0003-3166-7521 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. , and Bryan T Grenfell.
• Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
• Science. 2020 Nov 13; 370 (6518): 811-818.

AbstractThe future trajectory of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of future COVID-19 cases, given different assumptions regarding the protective efficacy and duration of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, as well as its interaction with vaccines and nonpharmaceutical interventions. We find that variations in the immune response to primary SARS-CoV-2 infections and a potential vaccine can lead to markedly different immune landscapes and burdens of critically severe cases, ranging from sustained epidemics to near elimination. Our findings illustrate likely complexities in future COVID-19 dynamics and highlight the importance of immunological characterization beyond the measurement of active infections for adequately projecting the immune landscape generated by SARS-CoV-2 infections.Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

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