• Sheila Nainan Myatra.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2021 Feb 1; 27 (1): 37-45.

Purpose Of ReviewTo provide an evidence-based approach to improve first pass success in tracheal intubation while maintaining patient safety in the critically ill.Recent FindingsDespite advances in the management of critically ill patients, tracheal intubation in these patients remains a high-risk procedure associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recent interventions to enhance patient safety and improve first pass success in tracheal intubation emphasize reducing repeated attempts at tracheal intubation, oxygen desaturation and cardiovascular collapse during airway management by optimizing patient physiology to mitigate risks and reduce complications. These include various strategies to improve peri-intubation oxygenation like use of noninvasive ventilation, high flow nasal cannula oxygen and gentle mask ventilation between induction of anesthesia and laryngoscopy; use of a videolaryngoscope and a bougie; careful selection of drugs including neuromuscular blocking agent; improved strategies to avoid haemodynamic collapse; rescue oxygenation strategies and human factor considerations.SummaryRecognizing the challenges and using the appropriate interventions to improve first pass tracheal intubation success, while maintaining patient safety are essential during tracheal intubation in critically ill patients. This review will provide recommendations based on the current evidence, various guidelines and expert opinion in the field. Further research will help us better understand the best strategies to improve patient outcomes.Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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