• Daniela Tormene, Franco Noventa, Elena Campello, Sabrina Gavasso, Michelangelo Marobin, Giacomo Turatti, Paolo Prandoni, and Paolo Simioni.
• Chair of Internal Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy. daniela.tormene@unipd.it.
• Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Jun 1; 16 (4): 9971003997-1003.

BackgroundWhether the carriership of inherited antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) deficiency increases the risk of arterial thromboembolic events (ATE) is controversial. This information has the potential to inform the management of family members of probands with inherited deficiency of natural anticoagulants.Patients/MethodsWe conducted a large prospective family cohort study in 640 subjects (of whom 341 carriers and 299 non-carriers) belonging to 86 families with inherited deficiency of AT, PC, or PS.ResultsA total of 4240 and 3810 patient-years were available for carriers and non-carriers, respectively. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were similarly distributed in the two groups. Of the 26 ATE that were recorded, 19 occurred in carriers (5.6%), as compared to 7 in non-carriers (2.3%) [p = 0.07]. After adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for ATE was 4.9 (95% CI 1.5-16.3) in carriers as compared to non-carriers.ConclusionsAmong family members of probands with an inherited deficiency of natural anticoagulants, carriers exhibit a risk of ATE that is almost five times higher than in non-carriers.

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