• Toru Kameda, Naohisa Kamiyama, Hideo Kobayashi, Yuko Kanayama, and Nobuyuki Taniguchi.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Red Cross Society Azumino Hospital, Azumino, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan. Electronic address: kamekame@pb3.so-net.ne.jp.
• Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019 Jul 1; 45 (7): 1617-1626.

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of settings on an ultrasound machine on the configuration of a single B-line in a healthy model and analyzed the frequency spectrum. We also devised simple experimental models that generated B-line-like artifacts and evaluated the influence of the machine settings on the configuration. Visualization of B-lines was affected by the spatial compound imaging, the focal zone and the frequency. The spectra of both the B-line and non-B-line region at the same depth had the same center frequency and bandwidth. B-line-like artifact was generated by a spindle-shaped juice sac of a mandarin orange, an edible string-shaped glucomannan gel, glass beads and glass plates. Visualization of B-line-like artifacts was also affected by these machine settings. Our study indicated that the physical basis of some B-lines is multiple reverberations. B-line-like artifacts provide clues for solving key issues, such as the physical basis of B-lines, the sonographic-pathologic correlation in B-lines and the effects of machine settings.Copyright © 2019 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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