• A Pełkowska, M Kuźniewski, E Ignacak, E Janusz-Grzybowska, and Z Dobrowolski.
• Katedra i Klinika Nefrologii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie.
• Prz. Lek. 2001 Jan 1; 58 (7-8): 818-20.

AbstractUrological complications constitute significant problem following renal transplantation. Incidence ranges from 4 to 14% in graft recipients. The most important aspects concerning these complications are early diagnosis and prompt treatment, any delay in diagnosis and management may lead to deterioration of renal graft function or graft loss. The following case report discusses management of hydronephrosis in renal graft caused by ureter stenosis due to scarring and fibrosis of its distal end after remote kidney transplantation. The patient was a 33-year-old woman with previous history of end stage renal failure in the course of chronic glomerulonephritis. A triple drug immunosuppressive regimen consisting of Azathioprine (AZT), Cyclosporine A and Encorton (AZT + CsA + Encorton) was administered during a period of three years after kidney transplantation. At this time AZT administration was discontinued due to chronic viral hepatitis type B. Episodes of expansion sensation (discomfort) and graft pain were reported by the patient which after 3 days were followed by a period of oliguria and then anuria. The patient was admitted to the Department of Nephrology CMUJ, where ultrasound imaging revealed graft hydronephrosis. In the presence of such clinical and biochemical indications due to acute graft failure, one hemodialysis session, was performed. The patient was transferred to the Urological Department CMUJ where ureter exploration was attempted, but was unsuccessful. Subsequently percutaneous nephrostomy was performed which lead to immediate diuresis. Next, distal ureter stenosis (located by the urinary bladder) was surgically removed and reimplantation of the ureter was carried out. Due to early diagnosis and surgical reconstruction of the transplanted ureter, renal graft function returned to normal requiring only one hemo-dialysis session.

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