• Leevi Toivonen, Liisa Pekkanen, Marko H Neva, Hannu Kautiainen, Kati Kyrölä, Ilkka Marttinen, and Arja Häkkinen.
• Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
• Global Spine J. 2020 Nov 18: 2192568220972977.

Study DesignProspective follow-up study.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the effect of lumbar spine fusion (LSF) on disability, health-related quality of life and mortality in a 5-year follow-up, and to compare these results with the general population.Methods523 consecutive LSF operations were included in a prospective follow-up. Disability was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and HRQoL by the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire using the physical and mental summary scores (PCS and MCS). The patients were compared with an age-, sex-, and residential area matched general population cohort.ResultsThe preoperative ODI in the patients was 46 (SD 16), and the change at 5 years was -26 (95% CI: -24 to -28), p < 0.001. In the population, ODI (baseline 13, SD 16) remained unchanged. The preoperative PCS in the patients was 27 (SD 7), in the population 45 (SD 11), and the increase in the patients at 5 years was 8 (95% CI: 7 to 9), p < 0.001. The patients did not reach the population in ODI or PCS. The baseline MCS in the patients was 47 (SD 13), and the change at 5 years 4 (95% CI: 3 to 7), p < 0.001. MCS of the females reached the population at 5-year follow-up. When analyzing short and long fusions separately, comparable changes were seen in both subgroups. There was no difference in mortality between the patients (3.4%) and the population (4.8%), hazard ratio (HR) 0.86.ConclusionsAlthough the patients who had undergone LSF benefited from surgery still at 5 years, they never reached the physical level of the population.

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