• Jessica L Kennedy, Anne Walker, Claire M Ellender, Kate Steinfort, Catherine Martin, Catherine Smith, Gregory Snell, and Helen Whitford.
• Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2022 Jun 1; 52 (6): 995-1001.

BackgroundLung transplantation is a recognised treatment for end-stage lung disease due to bronchiectasis. Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF are often combined into one cohort; however, outcomes for non-CF bronchiectasis patients vary between centres, and in comparison with those for CF.AimsTo compare lung transplantation mortality and morbidity of bronchiectasis (non-CF) patients with those with CF and other indications.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients undergoing lung transplantation between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013. Time to and cause of lung allograft loss was censored on 1 April 2018. A case-note review was conducted on a subgroup of 78 patients, to analyse hospital admissions as a marker of morbidity.ResultsA total of 341 patients underwent lung transplantation; 22 (6%) had bronchiectasis compared with 69 (20%) with CF. The 5-year survival for the bronchiectasis group was 32%, compared with CF (69%), obstructive lung disease (OLD) (64%), pulmonary hypertension (62%) and ILD (55%) (P = 0.008). Lung allograft loss due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction with predominant infection was significantly higher in the bronchiectasis group at 2 years. The rate of acute admissions was 2.24 higher in the bronchiectasis group when compared with OLD (P = 0.01). Patients with bronchiectasis spent 45.81 days in hospital per person year after transplantation compared with 18.21 days for CF.ConclusionsBronchiectasis patients in the present study had a lower 5-year survival and poorer outcomes in comparison with other indications including CF. Bronchiectasis should be considered a separate entity to CF in survival analysis.© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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