• Guangwen Li, Xianwei Zeng, Mohammed Hussain, Ran Meng, Yi Liu, Kevin Yuan, Chaitanya Sikharam, Yuchuan Ding, Feng Ling, and Xunming Ji.
• Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
• Neurosurgery. 2013 May 1;72(5):730-8; discussion 730.

BackgroundAlthough the majority of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) obtain an optimistic clinical outcome after heparin or warfarin treatment, there remains a subgroup of patients who do not respond to conventional anticoagulation treatment. These patients, especially younger people, as documented by hospital-based studies, have a high morbidity and mortality rate.ObjectiveTo verify the safety and efficacy of a dual mechanical thrombectomy with thrombolysis treatment modality option in patients with severe CVST.MethodsFifty-two patients diagnosed with CVST were enrolled and treated with mechanical thrombectomy combined with thrombolysis. Patients underwent urokinase 100 to 1500 × 10 IU intravenous sinus injection via a jugular catheter after confirming diagnoses of CVST by using either magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography or digital subtract angiography. Information obtained on the patients included recanalization status of venous sinuses as evaluated by magnetic resonance venography or digital subtract angiography at admission, during operation, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up after treatment.ResultsThe percentage of patients that showed complete and partial recanalization were 87% and 6%, respectively, after mechanical thrombectomy combined with thrombolysis treatment; 8% of the patients showed no recanalization. The modified Rankin Scale scores were 1.0 ± 0.9, 0.85 ± 0.63, and 0.37 ± 0.53 for discharge, and 3- and 6-month follow-up, respectively. A total of 6 patients died despite receiving aggressive treatment. No cases of relapse occurred after 3 to 6 months of follow-up.ConclusionThrombectomy combined with thrombolysis is a safe and valid treatment modality to use in severe CVST cases or in intractable patients that have shown no adequate response to antithrombotic drugs.

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