• Reiner Rugulies, Emiko Ando, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Michela Bonafede, Maria Cabello, Cristina Di Tecco, Nico Dragano, Quentin Durand-Moreau, Hisashi Eguchi, Junling Gao, Anne H Garde, Sergio Iavicoli, Ivan D Ivanov, Nancy Leppink, Madsen Ida E H IEH National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: ihm@nrcwe.dk., Frank Pega, Annette M Prüss-Üstün, Bruna M Rondinone, Kathrine Sørensen, Kanami Tsuno, Yuka Ujita, and Amy Zadow.
• National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: rer@nrcwe.dk.
• Environ Int. 2019 Apr 1; 125: 515-528.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from depression attributable to exposure to long working hours, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology.ObjectivesWe aim to systematically review studies on occupational exposure to long working hours (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of long working hours on depression (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework, conducting both systematic reviews in tandem and in a harmonized way.Data SourcesSeparately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsycINFO. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts.Study Eligibility And CriteriaWe will include working-age (≥15 years) participants in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude child workers (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of relevant levels of occupational exposure to long working hours (i.e. 35-40, 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week) stratified by country, sex, age and industrial sector or occupation, in the years 2005-2018. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of relevant level(s) of long working hours on the incidence of or mortality due to depression, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e. 35-40 h/week).Study Appraisal And Synthesis MethodsAt least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2.Prospero Registration NumberCRD42018085729.Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization and International Labour Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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