• Jinghong Li, Xiaoyun Zhang, Hongjun Hao, Shiheng Fan, and Yuming Xu.
• Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Mar 5; 100 (9): e24709.

RationaleIsoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IFE) is currently recognized as the gold standard for detecting oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To the best of our knowledge, however, no study has reported on type III OCBs using IFE. In this paper, we report on a rare case of multiple myeloma (MM) with Echinococcus granulosus infection diagnosed by IFE.Patient ConcernsA 71-year-old man complained of weakness of the right lower extremity accompanied with fever (temperature range 37.8°C-38.2°C) for more than 6 months.DiagnosesMM with E granulosus infection.InterventionsThe IFE results identified a unique monoclonal band, indicating that the patient may have MM in conjunction with a distinct pathogen infection. He received anthelmintic treatment and bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone therapy.OutcomesThe patient was followed up for 15 months. During that time, his temperature returned to normal, his Medical Research Council Grading of Muscle Power scale became 5, and his vital signs stabilized.LessonsDetection of OCB type III indicated that the patient was diagnosed with MM accompanied by E granulosus infection. Thus, IFE of CSF may be an auxiliary diagnostic method for MM in the future.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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