• Cédric Carrie, Merry Bentejac, Vincent Cottenceau, Françoise Masson, Laurent Petit, Jean-François Cochard, and François Sztark.
• Surgical intensive care unit, anaesthesiology and critical care department I, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: cedric.carrie@chu-bordeaux.fr.
• Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2018 Feb 1; 37 (1): 35-41.

ObjectivesThis preliminary study aimed to determine whether augmented renal clearance (ARC) impacts negatively on the clinical outcome in traumatic brain-injured patients (TBI) treated for a first episode of ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP).MethodsDuring a 5-year period, all TBI patients who had developed VAP were retrospectively reviewed to assess variables associated with clinical failure in multivariate analysis. Clinical failure was defined as an impaired clinical response with a need for escalating antibiotics during treatment and/or within 15 days after the end-of-treatment. Recurrence was considered if at least one of the initial causative bacterial strains was growing at a significant concentration from a second sample. Augmented renal clearance (ARC) was defined by an enhanced creatinine clearance exceeding 130mL/min/1.73m2 calculated from a urinary sample during the first three days of antimicrobial therapy.Main ResultsDuring the study period, 223 TBI patients with VAP were included and 59 (26%) presented a clinical failure. Factors statistically associated with clinical failure were GSC≤7 (OR=2.2 [1.1-4.4], P=0.03), early VAP (OR=3.9 [1.9-7.8], P=0.0001), bacteraemia (OR=11 [2.2-54], P=0.003) and antimicrobial therapy≤7 days (OR=3.7 [1.8-7.4], P=0.0003). ARC was statistically associated with recurrent infections with an OR of 4.4 [1.2-16], P=0.03.ConclusionARC was associated with recurrent infection after a first episode of VAP in TBI patients. The optimal administration and dosing of the antimicrobial agents in this context remain to be determined.Copyright © 2017 Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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