• Lei Li, Fang Wang, Yanni Liu, and Feng Gu.
• Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China.
• Microb. Pathog. 2019 Nov 1; 136: 103709.

BackgroundThe impact of the gut microbiota on recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsTo characterize the gut microbiota in patients with RRTI, fecal samples from 26 patients with RRTI and 23 healthy volunteers were profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Beta diversity (Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA), Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS)) analysis showed that the bacterial community structure segregated differently between the RRTI and control groups.ResultsResults from alpha diversity analysis revealed lower microbiota diversity in samples from RRTI patients than in normal controls. Taxonomic analysis illustrated that the abundance of six phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes) and four genera (Enterococcus, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium were significantly different between these two groups. In addition, Enterococcus (P < 0.001) was more enriched in the RRTI group, whereas the abundances of Eubacterium (P < 0.001), Faecalibacterium (0.01 < P < 0.05) and Bifidobacterium (0.01 < P < 0.05) were reduced in the RRTI group compared to those in the normal control group. The performance of the model was assessed using ROC analysis, and Enterococcus, Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium achieved AUC values of 0.860, 0.820, and 0.689, respectively.ConclusionsThese results provide fundamental evidence in support of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in children with RRTI.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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