• María Caridad Montalvo Villalba, Odalys Valdés Ramírez, Mayra Muné Jiménez, Amely Arencibia Garcia, Javier Martinez Alfonso, Guelsy González Baéz, Rosmery Roque Arrieta, Dianelvys Rosell Simón, Delmis Alvárez Gainza, Beatriz Sierra Vázquez, Sonia Resik Aguirre, and Maria Guadalupe Guzmán Tirado.
• Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 61/2, Havana 17100, Cuba. Electronic address: mcary@ipk.sld.cu.
• Clin. Immunol. 2020 Nov 1; 220: 108576.

AbstractUpper respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Releasing of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Forty five SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, whose were divided in two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Twenty healthy persons, SARS-CoV-2 negative were included as controls. Higher IFN-γ expression was detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison with controls (p = 0.0393). IFN-γ expression was increased in symptomatic patients (p = 0.0405). TGF-β1 and RANTES expressions were lower in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than controls (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0011, respectively). A significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 was observed in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic patients (r = +0.61, p = 0.0014). The findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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