• Andrew K Hall, Jessica Rich, Dagnone J Damon JD, Kristen Weersink, Jaelyn Caudle, Jonathan Sherbino, Jason R Frank, Glen Bandiera, and Elaine Van Melle.
• A.K. Hall is associate professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and clinician educator, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-5397. J. Rich is research associate, Faculty of Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-559X. J.D. Dagnone is associate professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, and CBME faculty lead, Postgraduate Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/000-0001-6963-7948. K. Weersink is a resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-3172. J. Caudle is assistant professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. J. Sherbino is professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, and assistant dean, Health Professions Education Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. J.R. Frank is director, Specialty Education, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and associate professor and director, Educational Research and Development, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-0146. G. Bandiera is professor, Department of Medicine, and associate dean, Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. E. Van Melle is senior education scientist, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and adjunct faculty, Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
• Acad Med. 2020 May 1; 95 (5): 786-793.

PurposeDespite the broad endorsement of competency-based medical education (CBME), myriad difficulties have arisen in program implementation. The authors sought to evaluate the fidelity of implementation and identify early outcomes of CBME implementation using Rapid Evaluation to facilitate transformative change.MethodCase-study methodology was used to explore the lived experience of implementing CBME in the emergency medicine postgraduate program at Queen's University, Canada, using iterative cycles of Rapid Evaluation in 2017-2018. After the intended implementation was explicitly described, stakeholder focus groups and interviews were conducted at 3 and 9 months post-implementation to evaluate the fidelity of implementation and early outcomes. Analyses were abductive, using the CBME core components framework and data-driven approaches to understand stakeholders' experiences.ResultsIn comparing planned with enacted implementation, important themes emerged with resultant opportunities for adaption. For example, lack of a shared mental model resulted in frontline difficulty with assessment and feedback and a concern that the granularity of competency-focused assessment may result in "missing the forest for the trees," prompting the return of global assessment. Resident engagement in personal learning plans was not uniformly adopted, and learning experiences tailored to residents' needs were slow to follow.ConclusionsRapid Evaluation provided critical insights into the successes and challenges of operationalizing CBME. Implementing the practical components of CBME was perceived as a sprint, while realizing the principles of CBME and changing culture in postgraduate training was a marathon requiring sustained effort in the form of frequent evaluation and continuous faculty and resident development.

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