• Tim T Wang, Kamran Ahmed, Vanash M Patel, Leanne Harling, Muhammed Jawad, Ara Darzi, Ludwig Karl von Segesser, and Thanos Athanasiou.
• Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Oct 1; 40 (4): 816-25.

AbstractThe conventional methods of education, certification and recertification in cardiothoracic surgery face a paradigm shift in line with recent innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics. The attributes of a competent clinician entail proficiency in knowledge, communication, teamwork, management, health advocacy, professionalism and technical skills. This article investigates the skills required for a cardiothoracic surgeon to be competent. The relevant practice of certification and recertification across various regions has also been explored. Validated and competency-based curricula should be designed to develop core competencies to successfully integrate them into practice. Challenges to the implementation of such curricula and potential solutions are explored. Patient safety remains the ultimate aim to ensure excellence of both competency and performance.Copyright © 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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